Your car when you load a texture but forgot to set half the UVs
Well on the path to getting car texture support done, but there have been a few trials along the way.
Firstly the game uses a format I haven’t run into before:
The indices are stored in interleaved order (all even rows, then all odd rows) and the odd rows are word swapped (xxxxxxxx yyyyyyyy is stored as yyyyyyyy xxxxxxxx), very strange.
Second problem I have yet to resolve, I haven’t found how the game keeps track of the texture sizes. This may be hard-coded for car data, as they seem to use 80×38 textures for everything except the wheels, and the wheels have a separate block of texture pointers to the rest of the car parts. Hopefully looking at the track data which has a variety of texture sizes will shed more light on this.
Finally, and perhaps most frustrating, the game appears to use a slightly modified version of zlib 1.0.4 (there’s a string referring to this version in the ROM) to inflate the compressed data. You can use vanilla zlib to decompress and compress data and more often than not you’ll get the same output as the game, buuut not 100% of the time. Hoping that it was perhaps just some breaking change in zlib (which is currently v2.x) I grabbed the source for 1.0.4 and tried that, but it gives the exact same output. So now I have to reverse the game’s inflate routine to be able to extract correct data. Reversing an ASM routine is kinda fun, but can be painful as well.
Yonks ago (2013 to be precise), I was working on a project which I hoped eventually would enable me to import new car and track models into the N64 game World Driver Championship, I really want to make a Speed Racer mod for the game, it’s slidy handling feels like a good fit to me.
I got as far as partially decoding the track and car data formats, and had a basic C# track viewer up and running (barely, my understanding of OpenGL was… tenuous). Then it fell by the wayside as projects tend to do from time to time and gathered dust…until now!
Starting from scratch (with the help of my old notes, thank-you past me!) in D, and modern OpenGL the project lives once again.
I’ve started from the other side this time, doing the car model viewer first. So far I have models displaying, and I think I’ve worked out the details for textures. There are some small sections of data in the car blobs that I haven’t figured out yet, but I wonder if they might be to do with in-game things like handling, which I haven’t tested yet.
A bunch of N64 games have dummied functions left in which used to send strings out to a console on the debugging hardware. Now they typically do nothing, but some games still call them a lot. I hacked together a little something to pull strings out of PJ64 when the function is called. It’s not pretty, I borrowed code from wherever I could find it and it doesn’t even work 100% but it does print out some strings from some games. Some are missed because multiple calls to the function in a row happen too fast to be seen. I started implementing support for a version of the function found in NHL Breakaway ’98 but it’s not in working form in the code here.
PJ64 must be running in Interpreter mode for this to work.
It probably won’t work unmodified on anyone else’s system as it’s using a hardcoded address.
A much better option would be to write this into an emulator 🙂 Maybe some day.
// N64 Debug Console.cpp : main project file.
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <Psapi.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <Tlhelp32.h>
using namespace std;
#define PROCESS_NAME "Project64.exe"
#define MAX_PROCESS 100
#define BASE_ADDRESS 0x52ea0000
HANDLE pPJ64Process;
int MAX_MSG_LENGTH = 100;
enum FormatType {typeD, typeF, typeS};
enum FunctionType {bHarvest, nHL};
void GetProcess( char *pName )
{
int pCount = 0;
PROCESSENTRY32 pEntry = { 0 };
pEntry.dwSize = sizeof(PROCESSENTRY32);
HANDLE pSnapShot = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot( TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0 ); //Create an 32SnapShot.
if(Process32First( pSnapShot, &pEntry ))
{
while( Process32Next( pSnapShot, &pEntry ) && pCount < MAX_PROCESS-1 ) //Loop through all processes.
{
HANDLE hProcess = OpenProcess( PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS,FALSE, pEntry.th32ProcessID ); //Open the current Process.
if(!strcmpi( pEntry.szExeFile, PROCESS_NAME ) ) //Check if the current process is the PROCESS_NAME
{
pPJ64Process = hProcess;
cout << "Found PJ64" << "\n";
pCount++;
}
}
}
CloseHandle( pSnapShot ); //Close the SnapShot.
}
void endianReverse(byte *bytes)
{
byte temp;
byte temp2;
int i = 0;
while (i <= (MAX_MSG_LENGTH - 4))
{
temp = bytes[i];
temp2 = bytes[i+1];
bytes[i] = bytes[i+3];
bytes[i+1] = bytes[i+2];
bytes[i+2] = temp2;
bytes[i+3] = temp;
i+=4;
}
}
int findFormatters(byte *rawMsg, FormatType *types)
{
int numFormatters = 0;
int i = 0;
while (rawMsg[i] != 0)
{
if ((char)rawMsg[i] == '%')
{
while ((char)rawMsg[i] != 'd' && (char)rawMsg[i] != 'x' && (char)rawMsg[i] != 'f' && (char)rawMsg[i] != 's')
{
//if (rawMsg[i] == 0) break;
i++;
}
if ((char)rawMsg[i] == 'd' || (char)rawMsg[i] == 'x') types[numFormatters] = typeD;
else if ((char)rawMsg[i] == 'f') types[numFormatters] = typeF;
else if ((char)rawMsg[i] == 's') types[numFormatters] = typeS;
numFormatters++;
}
i++;
}
return numFormatters;
}
byte* getSubString(byte* subString, int pointer)
{
int offset = pointer & 0x00FFFFFF;
ReadProcessMemory(pPJ64Process,(void*)(BASE_ADDRESS + offset),subString,MAX_MSG_LENGTH,0);
return subString;
}
void messageFormat(byte *rawMsg, byte *param1, byte *param2, byte *param3, int p1, int p2, int p3)
{
int i = 0;
byte *subString = new byte[MAX_MSG_LENGTH];
FormatType *formatTypes = new FormatType[3];
int numFormatters = findFormatters(rawMsg, formatTypes);
//Should only pass in paramXs, then create pXs in here
if (numFormatters == 0)
{
printf((char*)rawMsg);
}
else if (numFormatters == 1)
{
if (formatTypes[0] == typeD)
{
printf((char*)rawMsg, p1);
}
else if (formatTypes[0] == typeF)
{
printf((char*)rawMsg, (float)*param1);
}
else if (formatTypes[0] == typeS)
{
subString = getSubString(subString, p1);
endianReverse(subString);
printf((char*)rawMsg, (char*)subString);
}
else
{
cout << "unknown % format (1)" << "\n";
}
}
else if (numFormatters == 2)
{
if (formatTypes[0] == typeD && formatTypes[1] == typeD)
{
printf((char*)rawMsg, p1, p2);
}
else if (formatTypes[0] == typeD && formatTypes[1] == typeS)
{
subString = getSubString(subString, p2);
endianReverse(subString);
printf((char*)rawMsg, p1, (char*)subString);
}
else if (formatTypes[0] == typeD && formatTypes[1] == typeF)
{
printf((char*)rawMsg, p1, (float)*param2);
}
else if (formatTypes[0] == typeF && formatTypes[1] == typeF)
{
printf((char*)rawMsg, (float)*param1, (float)*param2);
}
else
{
cout << "unknown % format (2): " << (char*)rawMsg << "\n";
}
}
else
{
if (formatTypes[0] == typeD && formatTypes[1] == typeD && formatTypes[2] == typeD)
{
//printf((char*)rawMsg, (int)*param1, (int)*param2, (int)*param3);
printf((char*)rawMsg, p1, p2, p3);
}
else if (formatTypes[0] == typeF && formatTypes[1] == typeF && formatTypes[2] == typeF)
{
printf((char*)rawMsg, (float)*param1, (float)*param2, (float)*param3);
}
else if (formatTypes[0] == typeD && formatTypes[1] == typeD && formatTypes[2] == typeS)
{
subString = getSubString(subString, p3);
endianReverse(subString);
printf((char*)rawMsg, p1, p2, (char*)subString);
}
else
{
cout << "unknown % format (3)" << "\n";
}
}
//cout << endl;
}
DWORD GetModuleBase(HANDLE hProc, string &sModuleName)
{
HMODULE *hModules;
char szBuf[50];
DWORD cModules;
DWORD dwBase = 0;
//------
EnumProcessModules(hProc, hModules, 0, &cModules);
hModules = new HMODULE[cModules/sizeof(HMODULE)];
if(EnumProcessModules(hProc, hModules, cModules/sizeof(HMODULE), &cModules)) {
for(int i = 0; i < cModules/sizeof(HMODULE); i++) {
if(GetModuleBaseName(hProc, hModules[i], szBuf, sizeof(szBuf))) {
if(sModuleName.compare(szBuf) == 0) {
dwBase = (DWORD)hModules[i];
break;
}
}
}
}
delete[] hModules;
return dwBase;
}
int main()
{
string sConsoleMessage = "";
//DWORD baseAddress = (DWORD)keke;
DWORD baseAddress = 0x52ea0000;
DWORD address;
//DWORD address = baseAddress + 0x6f620; // World Driver
DWORD readAddress;
byte *rawMsg = new byte[MAX_MSG_LENGTH];
byte *param1 = new byte[4];
byte *param2 = new byte[4];
byte *param3 = new byte[4];
byte newData[] = {0x00,0x80,0x0c,0x3c,
0x2c,0xf6,0x87,0xad,
0x28,0xf6,0x86,0xad,
0x20,0xf6,0x84,0xad,
0x24,0xf6,0x85,0xad,
0x08,0x00,0xe0,0x03,
0x08,0x00,0xbd,0x27};
byte newData2[] = {0x08,0x00,0xe0,0x03,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00};
int p1;
int p2;
int p3;
int msgPointer = 0;
int oldMsgPointer = 1;
bool foundFunction = false;
FunctionType funcType = bHarvest;
int *memBlock = new int[16];
GetProcess( PROCESS_NAME );
//DWORD jiggle = GetModuleBase(pPJ64Process, string("heheh"));
if(!pPJ64Process)
{
cout <<"Could not get handle!\n"; cin.get(); } else { // Find print function int matching = 0; int x = 0; while (!foundFunction) { ReadProcessMemory(pPJ64Process,(void*)(baseAddress + x),memBlock,(sizeof(int) * 16),0); if (memBlock[0] == 0x27bdfff8) matching++; if (memBlock[1] == 0xafa40008) matching++; if (memBlock[2] == 0xafa5000c) matching++; if (memBlock[3] == 0xafa60010) matching++; if (memBlock[4] == 0xafa70014) matching++; if (memBlock[5] == 0x03e00008) matching++; if (memBlock[6] == 0x27bd0008) matching++; if (memBlock[7] == 0x27bdfff8) matching++; if (memBlock[8] == 0xafa40008) matching++; if (memBlock[9] == 0xafa5000c) matching++; if (memBlock[10] == 0xafa60010) matching++; if (memBlock[11] == 0xafa70014) matching++; if (memBlock[12] == 0x03e00008) matching++; if (memBlock[13] == 0x27bd0008) matching++; if (memBlock[14] == 0x00000000) matching++; if (memBlock[15] == 0x00000000) matching++; if (matching == 16) { foundFunction = true; } else { matching = 0; x += 4; } if (x == 0x00400000) break; } if (!foundFunction) { matching = 0; x = 0; } while (!foundFunction) // Look for NHL type function { ReadProcessMemory(pPJ64Process,(void*)(baseAddress + x),memBlock,(sizeof(int) * 16),0); if (memBlock[0] == 0x27bdff98) matching++; if (memBlock[1] == 0x27bd0068) matching++; if (memBlock[2] == 0x03e00008) matching++; if (memBlock[3] == 0x00000000) matching++; if (matching == 4) { foundFunction = true; funcType = nHL; } else { matching = 0; x += 4; } if (x == 0x00400000) break; } if (foundFunction) { int y = x; if (funcType == nHL) { y -= 0x1c; } if (y & 0x00008000) y+=0x10000; y += 8; newData[0] = (y >> 16) & 0xFF;
newData[0xd] = (y >> 8) & 0xFF;
newData[0xc] = y & 0xFF;
newData[0x11] = ((y + 4) >> 8) & 0xFF;
newData[0x10] = (y + 4) & 0xFF;
newData[0x9] = ((y + 8) >> 8) & 0xFF;
newData[0x8] = (y + 8) & 0xFF;
newData[0x5] = ((y + 12) >> 8) & 0xFF;
newData[0x4] = (y + 12) & 0xFF;
cout << "Function found at: " << hex << x << endl;
cout << "Function type: " << funcType << endl;
if (funcType == bHarvest)
{
WriteProcessMemory(pPJ64Process,(void*)(baseAddress + x + 0x1c),&newData,28,NULL);
WriteProcessMemory(pPJ64Process,(void*)(baseAddress + x),&newData2,8,NULL);
WriteProcessMemory(pPJ64Process,(void*)(baseAddress + x + 0x30),&newData2,8,NULL);
}
else if (funcType == nHL)
{
WriteProcessMemory(pPJ64Process,(void*)(baseAddress + x),&newData,28,NULL);
}
address = baseAddress + x + 0x8;
}
else
{
cout << "Didn't find function to hook";
}
while(1)
{
if (funcType == bHarvest)
{
ReadProcessMemory(pPJ64Process,(void*)address,&msgPointer,sizeof(msgPointer),0);
}
else if (funcType == nHL)
{
ReadProcessMemory(pPJ64Process,(void*)(address + 4),&msgPointer,sizeof(msgPointer),0);
}
if ((msgPointer & 0xff000000) == 0x80000000)
{
msgPointer = msgPointer & 0x0FFFFFFF;
if (msgPointer != oldMsgPointer) // New Message
{
//cout << hex << msgPointer << "\n";
readAddress = msgPointer + baseAddress;
ReadProcessMemory(pPJ64Process,(void*)readAddress,rawMsg,MAX_MSG_LENGTH,0);
if (funcType == bHarvest)
{
ReadProcessMemory(pPJ64Process,(void*)(address + 4),param1,4,0);
ReadProcessMemory(pPJ64Process,(void*)(address + 4),&p1,sizeof(int),0);
}
else if (funcType == nHL)
{
ReadProcessMemory(pPJ64Process,(void*)address,param1,4,0);
ReadProcessMemory(pPJ64Process,(void*)address,&p1,sizeof(int),0);
}
ReadProcessMemory(pPJ64Process,(void*)(address + 8),param2,4,0);
ReadProcessMemory(pPJ64Process,(void*)(address + 12),param3,4,0);
ReadProcessMemory(pPJ64Process,(void*)(address + 4),&p1,sizeof(int),0);
ReadProcessMemory(pPJ64Process,(void*)(address + 8),&p2,sizeof(int),0);
ReadProcessMemory(pPJ64Process,(void*)(address + 12),&p3,sizeof(int),0);
endianReverse(rawMsg);
messageFormat(rawMsg, param1, param2, param3, p1, p2, p3);
oldMsgPointer = msgPointer;
}
}
//Sleep(100);
}
return 0;
}
}
